Review On Evolution of Embedded System: Integrating Technical Roadmap and Wider Perspectives

Abstract

This paper examines the evolution of embedded systems and their increasing complexity, focusing on the impact of integration challenges on Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) design. As embedded applications expand across automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics domains, the demand for seamless integration of multifaceted requirements intensifies. Concurrently, emerging paradigms such as the Internet of Intelligent Things (IIoT) advance in embedded machine learning (TinyML) and edge computing to enable intelligent, resource-constrained devices. This paper explores how these technological trends are reshaping RTOS design, emphasizing resource management, interface definition, and system reliability. Furthermore, it reviews current developments and future directions in embedded systems, highlighting the role of integrated and intelligent manufacturing systems within Industry 4.0 frameworks. By synthesizing insights across these domains, the paper outlines critical research challenges and potential solutions to support next-generation embedded applications.