Sustainable Construction Site Selection in Mountainous Regions: An in Depth Look at Geospatial Methods, Environmental Assessment and Decision Support Frameworks

Abstract

Sustainable site selection for construction has become more important in modern world as urbanization affects mountainous areas of the world. Traditional approaches find it difficult to handle the risks, harsh terrain, and environmental sensitivity in regions like the Western Ghats and the Himalayas. In this attempt, new geospatial technologies have emerged as a boon to us. Our understanding and analysis of mountainous terrain is getting better due to the use of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing. Making decisions in sloped mountain environments requires thorough analysis of critical elements like slope stability, gradient, land use, and environmental vulnerabilities, which is made possible by GIS and RS. Finding the best construction sites while reducing the environmental impact has been made easier by combining satellite-based data from sensors like Sentinel-2, ASTER DEM, and Landsat images with sophisticated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making systems like Analytical Hierarchy Process and Weighted Overlay Analysis. Future studies should concentrate on developing hybrid frameworks that successfully combine integrated geospatial indicators with deep learning and artificial intelligence capabilities. To create durable solutions for developing mountain regions, we must build differently. This means finding flexible construction methods that work with the unique challenges and opportunities of steep, mountainous terrain. But this can’t be done alone. It requires collaboration between a diverse group of experts including technology specialists, environmental scientists, and urban planners and most importantly, the mountain communities themselves. By working together, we can ensure that construction plans are not only effective but truly sustainable for both the people and the environment.