Radiology-Driven 3D Printing: Imaging Workflows and Clinical Applications

Abstract

Advances in medical imaging and 3D printing have made this technology a powerful tool in modern healthcare. Combining imaging methods like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D printing allows for the creation of precise, patient-specific anatomical models. This has a significant impact on radiology, surgical planning, education, and personalized medicine. This review looks at recent studies on medical 3D and new four-dimensional (4D) printing technologies. It focuses on workflow, manufacturing methods, materials, and clinical uses. The process involves capturing radiological images, segmenting anatomy, converting DICOM data into stereolithography (STL) files, and making prints using additive manufacturing techniques like fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, and selective laser sintering. The review covers applications in radiology, dentistry, pediatrics, forensic medicine, pharmaceuticals, and medical education. It also discusses related quality assurance and regulatory issues. The review shows that 3D printing improves preoperative planning, surgical precision, and anatomical visualization. This leads to better clinical outcomes. In radiology, it helps with interventional planning, training, phantom development, and clearer patient communication. Customized implants, prosthetics, surgical guides, and drug delivery systems show the technology’s flexibility. The development of 4D printing introduces smart materials that respond to stimuli and can change over time. This enables dynamic implants, tissue scaffolds.