A Review On “The Role of Nanomaterials in Advancing Sustainable Engineering”

Abstract

Nanomaterials have emerged as key enablers in advancing sustainable engineering, offering unique properties that enhance efficiency and address environmental challenges. This review explores their critical roles across various domains, including renewable energy, water treatment, construction, and biomedicine. In renewable energy, nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and graphene improve the performance of photovoltaic cells, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage systems by enhancing energy conversion and storage capabilities. In water treatment, they facilitate pollutant removal and purification through adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration. The integration of nanomaterials in construction materials is discussed for their contributions to improving mechanical strength, durability, and thermal insulation, supporting green building initiatives. In biomedicine, nanomaterials enhance drug delivery and biosensing, enabling targeted and efficient therapeutic interventions. Despite these benefits, the review also addresses challenges such as large-scale production, environmental impact, and toxicity, emphasizing the need for rigorous life cycle assessments and regulatory frameworks. In this review by highlighting future research directions, we aim to explore the study on silicon nanomaterials with wide range of applications in advancing the sustainable engineering and technology development.