Comprehensive Review on BMI, TDEE, BMR, and Calories for Weight Management: Insights into Energy Expenditure and Nutrient Balance for Long-Term Well-Being

Abstract

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a basic tool for assessing body mass based on height and weight, classifying individuals in BMI categories as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. However, it has limitations as it overlooks muscle mass and fat distribution. Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) plays a crucial role in measuring the current maintenance calories, surplus calories for weight gain, and deficit calories for weight loss associated with Bansal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Physical Activity Level (PAL). TDEE is related to 3 phases incline, stable, and decline according to age groups. Keeping these parameters, the current review focused on BMI, TDEE, BMR and calories. Calories are essential for understanding the energy the body stores and uses, making them a key factor for weight management. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide different amounts of energy, which can impact insulin levels and trigger cravings. Tools like BMI and BMR are useful, but focusing solely on counting calories is not enough for effective weight management. A sustainable approach includes understanding how the body processes different foods, choosing nutrient-rich options, regulating blood sugar, and staying physically active are discussed. This work reveals the long-term well-being for weight management via focused on BMI, TDEE, BMR and calories.