Design and Development of a 4-DOF Robotic Arm for Precision Control

Abstract

This project demonstrates the design and development of a robotic arm that is controlled by servo motors and an Arduino microcontroller. The robotic arm has 4 degrees of freedom (DoF), enabling it to make accurate movements and carry out tasks like pick-and-place operations, object handling, and automation. Servo motors are employed to drive the joints of the arm, offering smooth and precise movement. An Arduino board is used as the master controller, interpreting user inputs and carrying out motion commands. The system can be controlled through different interfaces, such as potentiometers, joystick modules, or coded commands. The robotic arm can also be equipped with sensors like ultrasonic or infrared sensors for detecting obstacles, force sensors for feedback control, or a camera module for vision-based object identification. The inclusion of wireless communication modules such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi facilitates remote control and automation. The project is designed to be cost-effective and scalable for educational, industrial, and research applications in robotics. The modular nature of the arm facilitates future upgrades, including machine learning-based motion planning or AI-based automation. The project illustrates how Arduino-based robotics systems can minimize the gap between low-cost hardware and sophisticated robotic capabilities.