Evaluating India’s Climate Adaptation Policies: An in-Depth Qualitative Analysis of PMFBY, NAFCC, and the Soil Health Management Scheme in Enhancing Agricultural Resilience

Abstract

India's agricultural industry is seriously threatened by climate change, which has an impact on crop yields, water availability, and rural livelihoods. To improve agricultural resilience, the Indian government has responded by enacting a number of adaptation measures. Important programs including the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC), the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), the Soil Wellness Scheme, and the encouragement of climate-resilient crop varieties are all critically examined in this paper. This article assesses how well these policies mitigate climate risks, ensure farmer sustainability, and promote long-term agricultural stability, based on official reports from the Ministry of Agriculture, NITI Aayog, IPCC, and FAO. To improve climate resilience in Indian agriculture, the findings draw attention to policy inadequacies, implementation issues, and the necessity of integrated adaptation methods. For researchers, politicians, and development professionals pursuing climate-adaptive and sustainable agricultural systems, this study offers insightful information.